Cell Diversity Wordle

I choose those words to represent this chapter is because I think the organelles that make up part of a cell is very important.  The cell differs from prokaryotic and eukaryotic.  Moreover, the prokaryotic cells are much simpler than the eukaryotic cells.  In addition, eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles, such as ER and ribosomes.  These important structures of the cells provide cells with essential process to sustain itself.  In other words, they act as a factory.  Each organelles do their own parts, but work together for the cell.  Some cells have cell wall, while others only have a cell membrane.  Some cells even have flagella to move around.  Plant cells usually have the cell wall for protection and support.  Animal cells only have the cell wall, which regulates what come out and goes in the cell, and the chloroplasts.  Other organelles, such as the mitochondria and ribosomes, provide energy and make proteins.  Lysosomes digest waste.  All organelles have some use for the cell.

Time, Love, and Memory

1. Genetic materials affect organism behavior.
I think this key idea is crucial because this links ecology to molecular biology.  Using DNA to explain behavior, scientists created a link between the two subjects.  In our biology class, we need to learn about both molecular biology and ecology.  Through this book, I further understand about ecology and how we must learn both behavior and about the genes in order to understand biology.

2. Organisms do learn from experience.
Again, this relates to ecology because it can be seen that organisms have the capacity to learn.  This is crucial because in nature an offspring might need to learn from their parents.  This key point relate to our curriculum using ecology as a backbone for me to further explore the world of animal behavior.

3. Scientific experiments are crucial in establish conclusions.
This whole book established itself on scientific experiments.  Though some may be cruel, most of the experiments do prove something.  In our class, we too conduct experiments, but we conduct them in order to understand the curriculum better.  Scientific experiments help explain a lot of confusion from just reading text and create a better understanding for students.

Article: On Societies of Organisms

This article stresses the viewpoint of seeing a society as one single organism.  Truly, when a society work in harmony, then each person does his/her own job but all of the jobs are here to build up a society.  This may be true in a utopia world, but in a real world, can a simply scientific model explain politics, economic, and social behaviors?  I do not believe that a society can preform like a single organism.  Because unlike organelles or cells in a smaller unit that simply do their work, humans are capable of thinking on their own.  Multiple conflicts among nations already happened to prove that some people do not work for the better of society, but for their own personal gain.  If this is true, then the analogy between society and organism can be seen as a fallacy.

Article: Thoughts of Countdown

Every time we see a shuttle launched into space or a new innovated technology made for the comfort of our lives, we cheer.  However, when someone try to say that we humans are linked to the nature in some way or another, we frown.  I think it is sad how people actually turn away from nature.  Evolution theories do show that complex cells form when simpler cells engulf each other and form the organelles.  Though I personally do not believe this 100%, I do agree that by the theory of evolution, human are attached to nature.  Even bacteria and viruses live inside our body, but for some reason, people would not giving it the time in their day to learn about nature, until something horrible hits them.

Article: Lives of a Cell

The article begins with a human, thinking he is superior than the rest of the Earth, looking down from a building.  I think human beings do have a superiority complex with nature and Earth.  While human beings think they are so much better than nature since we are the one that live in a technological enhanced and "superior" environment; however, it is unlike and quite impossible to separate ourselves from nature.  In the end, we must too realize that we are part of nature.  It is highly hypocritical to consider ourselves better.  Our metabolic processes in our body   to our genetic material that make us are all part of nature.  We are ultimately restricted by our own process within us; thus we should never become superior to nature.  Indeed, the cells that are in our body today are a combination of many organisms.  Theory states that cells have mitochondria because it engulfed a bacteria that contain mitochondria.  It is extremely critical for us to know that even the littlest part of our body is linked with nature.

Major Plant Divison

Charophyceans
Charophyceans are the green algae most clearly related to land plants.  They are the algal group that contain the most plant characteristics such as having the rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes and peroxisomes.  The structure of the sperm of land plants closely resembles the sperm of charophyceans and cell divisions are similar.













Bryophytes
Bryophytes include the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.  They have to live in moist areas and cannot grow very tall because they do not have true vascular tissues, to transport water, but contain lignin.  They reproduce using spores with reproductive structures of gametangia and sporangia.


Pteridophytes
These are vascular plants, which contain xylem and phloem.  Horsetails, ferns, club mosses, and quillworts are considered pteridophytes.  Instead of producing flowers or seeds, they too produce spores.  They do have true roots, stems, and leaves.  Most of them reproduce by spores.

Gymosperms
Gymnosperms include conifers, cycads, and ginkgo.  Theses are a group of seed-bearing plants.  The seeds of the gymnosperms are unenclosed and are called ovules in their unfertilized state.  The seeds usually develop on the surface of the scale like appendages of the cones or at the end of short stalks.
 

Angiosperms
Angiosperms have the most diversity than the rest of the plant groups.  Angiosperms produce seeds, but also produce flowers, containing their reproductive organs.  The seeds are enclosed during pollination and produce the fruit.  The fruit produce seeds that is able to grow new angiosperms.
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Bacteria vs. Virus vs. Prion

Bacteria
Bacteria are unicellular prokaryote that able to reproducing even under an isolated environment.  Bacteria have circular double stranded DNA.  Bacteria usually reproduce by binary fission, meaning a bacterium reproduce by making exact copies of itself by replicating its DNA.  However, some bacteria can reproduce using other methods.  Unlike viruses and prions, bacteria have ribosomes allowing them to produce their own proteins and enzymes to carry other metabolic processes.  Some bacteria are considered pathogens by the toxins they secrete  during metaloblism.

Virus
A virus is something that live in between the living and non-living.  Like prions, the virus needs a host to reproduce itself.  The viruses can choose to reproduce by infecting a cell and use the cell to make more replicas of itself then invade other cells.  The virus lack ribosomes so it needs to use the hosts' DNA to make their own DNA.

Prions
Prions are infectious proteins.  Prions usually occur in the brain and converts a normal cell into a prion.  Prions would convert normal brain cells into prion cells until prions build up and cause cellular malfunction and brain degeneration.  Prions are not truly living and does not function like a virus or a bacteria simply because it is a form of protein.

Cell Poem

Diversity,
Yes, cells
They are diverse
Just like the people in the world
There are Europeans, Asians, Americans
There might be plant cells, animal cells, prokaryotic cells
Some similar characteristics,
Some completely different

Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles
It is much similar in structure than eukaryotes
Some has cell walls, to protect them
All have plasma membrane and ribosomes
Some can move with flagella, to move around

An animal cell, a lot more complex
With a nucleus where the heredity information are stored
The ribosomes, making proteins
And the Golgi apparatus, sorting and secreting cell products
The mitochondria, generate energy
And the lysosome, digestion
Floating around in cytoplasm
All enclosed in a cell membrane

A plant cell, similar to an animal cell
But does not have the lysosomes
Yet contain chloroplasts to absorb sunlight
central vacuole to store and breakdown waste products
And the cell wall
Maintaining the cell's shape and for protection

Yes, cells are different
They are diverse
They act like a little factory working inside an organism
It is so fascinating

Cellular metabolism Wordle with explanations

Terms Used: Metabolism, Enzymes, Coenzymes, ATP, ADP, Inhibitors, Thermodynamics, Induced-Fit, Chemical-Energy, Endergonic, Exergonic, Catabolic-Pathway, Anabolic- Pathway, Activation-Energy, Free-Energy


http://www.wordle.net/show/wrdl/4667193/Cellular_Metabolism

Why?
I choose these term for the cellular metabolism chapter because all these terms describe the essential characteristics and functions within the cell that preform the critical process of metabolism.  Metabolism can follow either catabolic pathway or anabolic pathway depending on whether it is to release or store energy.  Energy is essential in all process of metabolism.  When enzyme is used, the amount of energy needed for an reaction to occur is lessened.  Both activation energy and free energy are involved with enzyme.  ATP and ADP are involved with the releasing and storing of energy.  The law of thermodynamics explains the limit of transformation energy.  No energy can be created or destroyed and the transfer of energy increase entropy.  Chemical reaction can be either endergonic or exergonic.  Overall in the cellular metabolism chapter, it describes how energy can be stored and/released by using different mechanism of metabolism.